© 2025 by Michael Firth KC, Gray's Inn Tax Chambers
Contact: michael.firth@taxbar.com

J1. General points on zero-rating
- Zero-rate is exemption with refund
"[8] It is not disputed that that zero-rate may be treated as an exemption with refund of the tax paid within the meaning of Article 28(2) of the Sixth Directive, which provides:..." (Talacre Beach Caravans C-251/05)
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Potential for multiple rates for same supply where Member State derogation excluded part of supply from zero-rating
"[32] As regards, third, the judgment of 6 July 2006, Talacre Beach CaravanSales (C‑251/05, EU:C:2006:451), that judgment, as is clear from paragraph 14 thereof, concerns the question of whether the fact that certain goods are the subject of a single supply, including both a principal item which is by virtue of a Member State’s legislation subject to an exemption with refund of the tax paid, within the meaning of Article 28(2)(a) of the Sixth Directive, and goods which that legislation excludes from the scope of that exemption, prevents the Member State concerned from levying VAT at the standard rate on the supply of those excluded items.
[33] The Court, which answered that question in the negative, underlined that, in the situation at issue in the case having given rise to that judgment, to exempt the delivery of goods supplied together with the principal item, those goods being specifically excluded from an exemption by the national legislation, would run counter to the wording and purpose of Article 28(2)(a) of the Sixth Directive, according to which the scope of the derogation laid down by that provision is restricted to what was expressly covered by the national legislation on 1 January 1991 (see, to that effect, judgment of 6 July 2006, Talacre Beach Caravan Sales, C‑251/05, EU:C:2006:451, paragraphs 20 to 22). In that judgment, the Court expressly held that the case-law on the taxation of single supplies did not apply to the exemptions with refund of the tax paid with which Article 28 of the Sixth Directive is concerned (see, to that effect, judgment of 6 July 2006, Talacre Beach Caravan Sales, C‑251/05, EU:C:2006:451, paragraph 24)." ​(Stadion Amsterdam C-463/16)
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